在聊這個(gè)話題之前，我們先回憶一下單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)中是如何分配內(nèi)存的？如果沒(méi)有bootloader，那硬件環(huán)境起來(lái)之后就直接進(jìn)入主程序運(yùn)行，如果有引導(dǎo)程序bootloader，那就需要設(shè)置好跳轉(zhuǎn)地址，否則設(shè)置不對(duì)，系統(tǒng)就無(wú)法啟動(dòng)了。

文章bootloader介紹

那么對(duì)于linux系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，何嘗不是這樣呢？因?yàn)閘inux系統(tǒng)包含的文件比較多，啟動(dòng)也分幾個(gè)階段，每個(gè)階段也都是通過(guò)跳轉(zhuǎn)執(zhí)行的。如何管理好內(nèi)存是系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的前提。

原生的uboot只能管理自己所在的內(nèi)存塊，無(wú)法管理整塊空間。于是rk引入了bidram和sysmem，用于管理uboot之外的地址空間，RK平臺(tái)就把系統(tǒng)所有內(nèi)存通過(guò)sysmem + bidram + malloc管理起來(lái)了，防止出現(xiàn)內(nèi)存沖突等問(wèn)題。

bidram：管理u-boot、kernel階段不可用、需要剔除的內(nèi)存塊，例如：ATF、OP-TEE 占用的空間；sysmem：管理kernel 可見(jiàn)、可用的內(nèi)存塊。例如：fdt、ramdisk、kernel、fastboot 占用的空間。

相關(guān)代碼：

./lib/sysmem.c./lib/bidram.c./include/memblk.h./arch/arm/mach-rockchip/memblk.c

先來(lái)大概預(yù)覽一下源文件吧：

intsysmem_init(void){  struct sysmem *sysmem = &plat_sysmem;  phys_addr_t mem_start;  phys_size_t mem_size;  int ret;
  lmb_init(&sysmem->lmb);  INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sysmem->allocated_head);  INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sysmem->kmem_resv_head);  sysmem->allocated_cnt = 0;  sysmem->kmem_resv_cnt = 0;
  if (gd->flags & GD_FLG_RELOC) {    sysmem->has_initr = true;  } else {    SYSMEM_I("initn");    sysmem->has_initf = true;  }
  /* Add all available system memory */#ifdef CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS; i++) {    if (!gd->bd->bi_dram[i].size)      continue;          ret = sysmem_add(gd->bd->bi_dram[i].start,         gd->bd->bi_dram[i].size);    if (ret) {      SYSMEM_E("Failed to add sysmem from bi_dram[%d]n", i);      goto fail;    }  }#else  mem_start = env_get_bootm_low();  mem_size = env_get_bootm_size();  ret = sysmem_add(mem_start, mem_size);  if (ret) {    SYSMEM_E("Failed to add sysmem from bootm_low/sizen");    goto fail;  }#endif  /* Reserved for board */  ret = board_sysmem_reserve(sysmem);  if (ret) {    SYSMEM_E("Failed to reserve sysmem for boardn");    goto fail;  }
  /* Reserved for U-boot framework: 'reserve_xxx()' */  mem_start = gd->start_addr_sp;  mem_size = gd->ram_top - mem_start;  if (!sysmem_alloc_base(MEM_UBOOT, mem_start, mem_size)) {    SYSMEM_E("Failed to reserve sysmem for U-Boot frameworkn");    ret = -ENOMEM;    goto fail;  }    /* Reserved for U-Boot stack */  mem_start = gd->start_addr_sp - CONFIG_SYS_STACK_SIZE;  mem_size = CONFIG_SYS_STACK_SIZE;  if (!sysmem_alloc_base(MEM_STACK, mem_start, mem_size)) {    SYSMEM_E("Failed to reserve sysmem for stackn");    ret = -ENOMEM;    goto fail;}return0;fail:  if (ret && !(gd->flags & GD_FLG_RELOC)) {    sysmem_dump();    SYSMEM_W("Maybe malloc size %d MiB is too large?nn",       SIZE_MB(CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN));}  return ret;}

sysmem 內(nèi)存信息表：

sysmem_dump_all:--------------------------------------------------------------------// <1> 這里是sysmem可管理的總內(nèi)存容量，即bidram<3>之外的可用ddr容量，對(duì)kernel可見(jiàn)。memory.rgn[0].addr = 0x00200000 - 0x08400000 (size: 0x08200000)memory.rgn[1].addr = 0x0a200000 - 0x80000000 (size: 0x75e00000)memory.total = 0x7e000000 (2016 MiB. 0 KiB)--------------------------------------------------------------------// <2> 這里顯示了各個(gè)固件alloc走的內(nèi)存塊信息allocated.rgn[0].name = "U-Boot".addr = 0x71dd6140 - 0x80000000 (size: 0x0e229ec0)allocated.rgn[1].name = "STACK"  // 表明棧溢出.addr = 0x71bd6140 - 0x71dd6140 (size: 0x00200000)allocated.rgn[2].name = "FDT".addr = 0x08300000 - 0x08316204 (size: 0x00016204)allocated.rgn[3].name = "KERNEL"  // 表明內(nèi)存塊溢出.addr = 0x00280000 - 0x014ce204 (size: 0x0124e204)allocated.rgn[4].name = "RAMDISK".addr = 0x0a200000 - 0x0a3e6804 (size: 0x001e6804)// <3> malloc_r/f的大小malloc_r: 192 MiB, malloc_f: 16 KiBallocated.total = 0x0f874acc (248 MiB. 466 KiB)--------------------------------------------------------------------// <4> 這里是核心算法對(duì)上述<2>進(jìn)行的信息整理，顯示被占用走的內(nèi)存塊信息LMB.reserved[0].addr = 0x00280000 - 0x014ce204 (size: 0x0124e204)LMB.reserved[1].addr = 0x08300000 - 0x08316204 (size: 0x00016204)LMB.reserved[2].addr = 0x0a200000 - 0x0a3e6804 (size: 0x001e6804)LMB.reserved[3].addr = 0x71bd6140 - 0x80000000 (size: 0x0e429ec0)reserved.core.total = 0x0f874acc (248 MiB. 466 KiB)--------------------------------------------------------------------

bidram 內(nèi)存信息表：

bidram_dump_all:--------------------------------------------------------------------// <1> 這里顯示了U-Boot從前級(jí)loader獲取的ddr的總?cè)萘啃畔?，一共?GBmemory.rgn[0].addr = 0x00000000 - 0x80000000 (size: 0x80000000)memory.total = 0x80000000 (2048 MiB. 0 KiB)--------------------------------------------------------------------// <2> 這里顯示了被預(yù)留起來(lái)的各固件內(nèi)存信息，這些空間對(duì)kernel不可見(jiàn)reserved.rgn[0].name = "ATF".addr = 0x00000000 - 0x00100000 (size: 0x00100000)reserved.rgn[1].name = "SHM".addr = 0x00100000 - 0x00200000 (size: 0x00100000)reserved.rgn[2].name = "OP-TEE".addr = 0x08400000 - 0x0a200000 (size: 0x01e00000)reserved.total = 0x02000000 (32 MiB. 0 KiB)--------------------------------------------------------------------// <3> 這里是核心算法對(duì)上述<2>進(jìn)行的預(yù)留信息整理，例如：會(huì)對(duì)相鄰塊進(jìn)行合并LMB.reserved[0].addr = 0x00000000 - 0x00200000 (size: 0x00200000)LMB.reserved[1].addr = 0x08400000 - 0x0a200000 (size: 0x01e00000)reserved.core.total = 0x02000000 (32 MiB. 0 KiB)--------------------------------------------------------------------