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在電商開發(fā)的修羅場(chǎng)里摸爬滾打這些年，和京東商品詳情API 接口的 “較量” 堪稱一部跌宕起伏的奮斗史。從申請(qǐng)權(quán)限時(shí)的層層關(guān)卡，到數(shù)據(jù)解析時(shí)的各種 “暗礁”，今天就把這段實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)歷掰開揉碎，配上親測(cè)有效的代碼，給大伙避避雷！

還記得第一次對(duì)接京東API，天真地以為和其他平臺(tái)大同小異。結(jié)果光是申請(qǐng)開發(fā)者權(quán)限就碰了一鼻子灰 —— 京東對(duì)企業(yè)資質(zhì)審核極為嚴(yán)格，營業(yè)執(zhí)照、ICP 備案、應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景說明反復(fù)修改了三輪，整整一周才收到通過通知。好不容易拿到App Key和App Secret，簽名算法又成了攔路虎。京東采用的HMAC-SHA256加密方式，對(duì)參數(shù)拼接順序、URL 編碼要求近乎苛刻，稍有差錯(cuò)就返回10001簽名錯(cuò)誤。那段時(shí)間熬夜翻看官方文檔、GitHub 示例，終于啃出了簽名生成函數(shù)：

python

運(yùn)行

import hashlib
import hmac
import time
import urllib.parse


def generate_signature(params, app_secret):
    sorted_params = sorted(params.items(), key=lambda x: x[0])
    query_str = ""
    for k, v in sorted_params:
        if isinstance(v, list):
            v = ",".join(map(str, v))
        query_str += f"{k}{v}"
    sign_str = f"{app_secret}{query_str}{app_secret}"
    return hmac.new(
        app_secret.encode('utf-8'),
        sign_str.encode('utf-8'),
        hashlib.sha256
    ).hexdigest().upper()


# 使用示例
api_params = {
    "method": "jd.union.open.goods.query",
    "app_key": "your_app_key",
    "keyword": "手機(jī)",
    "timestamp": str(int(time.time()))
}
signed_params = generate_signature(api_params, "your_app_secret")

解決了簽名問題，新的 “坑” 接踵而至。京東對(duì) API 調(diào)用頻率限制十分嚴(yán)格，不同接口還有差異化限流策略。為了避免觸發(fā)封禁，我用 Python 的asyncio結(jié)合信號(hào)量，實(shí)現(xiàn)了異步請(qǐng)求與限流控制：

python

運(yùn)行

import asyncio
import aiohttp


class ???????RateLimiter:
    def __init__(self, rate_limit):
        self.semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(rate_limit)

    async def limit(self):
        async with self.semaphore:
            yield


async def fetch_product_detail(session, sku_id, signed_params):
    async with RateLimiter(10).limit():
        url = "https://api.jd.com/routerjson"
        params = {**signed_params, "sku_id": sku_id}
        async with session.get(url, params=params) as response:
            return await response.json()


async def main(sku_ids, signed_params):
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        tasks = [fetch_product_detail(session, sku, signed_params) for sku in sku_ids]
        results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
        return results


# 示例調(diào)用
sku_ids = ["123456789", "987654321"]
signed_params = {...}  # 已簽名參數(shù)
asyncio.run(main(sku_ids, signed_params))

python數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)例

"stock": {
            "skuId": "100031963708",
            "realSkuId": "100031963708",
            "ArrivalDate": "",
            "Drd": "",
            "sidDely": 182,
            "promiseResult": "20:00前付款，預(yù)計(jì)明天(07月02日)送達(dá)",
            "isJDexpress": false,
            "StockState": 33,
            "rn": -1,
            "code": 1,
            "weightValue": "0.055kg",
            "fxgCode": "0",
            "afsCode": 1,
            "ir": [
                {
                    "iconSrc": "京準(zhǔn)達(dá)",
                    "iconTip": "選擇京準(zhǔn)達(dá)服務(wù)，可指定精確時(shí)間點(diǎn)收貨；若京東責(zé)任超時(shí)，即時(shí)賠付",
                    "helpLink": "http://help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html",
                    "iconCode": "sendpay_zhun",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "京準(zhǔn)達(dá)",
                    "picUrl": "http://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/jfs/t3172/266/1698067915/1634/64a0c40e/57d25fcfNd9c62bb7.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 1
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "211限時(shí)達(dá)",
                    "iconTip": "上午下單，下午送達(dá)",
                    "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/91-953.html",
                    "iconCode": "sendpay_211",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "211限時(shí)達(dá)",
                    "picUrl": "http://static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/zhongbiao.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 1
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "明日達(dá)",
                    "iconTip": "指定時(shí)間前下單，最快明日達(dá)",
                    "helpLink": "http://help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html",
                    "iconCode": "sendpay_nextday",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "明日達(dá)",
                    "picUrl": "http://static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/zhongbiao.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 1
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "預(yù)約送貨",
                    "iconTip": "京東物流為該商品提供預(yù)約送貨服務(wù)",
                    "helpLink": "http://help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html",
                    "iconCode": "service_yysh",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "預(yù)約送貨",
                    "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/116316/15/7402/1031/5ec22ca4E713f857c/dd49784b20933cf5.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 6
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "部分收貨",
                    "iconTip": "如果收件人收貨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)部分貨物存在缺少配件、物流損等情形，京東物流提供訂單半收服務(wù)",
                    "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html",
                    "iconCode": "service_bfsh",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "部分收貨",
                    "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/108073/34/18517/1071/5ec22ce0E11a3b1c5/f8ffea5f4cafa0f9.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 6
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "送貨上門",
                    "iconTip": "京東快遞為您提供送貨上門服務(wù)",
                    "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/254-4130.html",
                    "iconCode": "service_sssm",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "送貨上門",
                    "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/115738/37/12143/1066/5f0c7d11E4faee520/de3879572e2b2014.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 6
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "59元免基礎(chǔ)運(yùn)費(fèi)",
                    "iconTip": "所選地址自營訂單滿59元免基礎(chǔ)運(yùn)費(fèi)(20kg內(nèi))，超出重量加收1元/kg續(xù)重運(yùn)費(fèi)。",
                    "helpLink": "http://help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html",
                    "iconCode": "free_delivery_zhong",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "59元免基礎(chǔ)運(yùn)費(fèi)",
                    "picUrl": "http://static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/mianyunfei.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 4
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "京東物流",
                    "iconTip": "京東物流為您提供倉配一體供應(yīng)鏈服務(wù)",
                    "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/list-81.html",
                    "iconCode": "service_jdwl",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "京東物流",
                    "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/130756/9/11972/4289/5f8674d3Eabfebbef/bb964241bd789a72.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 4
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "7天價(jià)保",
                    "iconTip": "在下單或簽收7天內(nèi)，商品出現(xiàn)降價(jià)可享受價(jià)保服務(wù)，部分特殊場(chǎng)景不支持價(jià)保，可點(diǎn)擊”>"了解詳細(xì)規(guī)則",
                    "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/291-548.html",
                    "iconCode": "service_guominwuyou",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "7天價(jià)保",
                    "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/85923/26/10113/3475/5e144da1Ef978a914/d3d44f85b4221cf6.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 3
                },
                {
                    "iconSrc": "自提",
                    "iconTip": "我們提供多種自提服務(wù)，包括京東自提點(diǎn)、自助提貨柜、京東校園派、京東星配站、京東便民站等服務(wù)",
                    "helpLink": "http://help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html",
                    "iconCode": "special_ziti",
                    "resultCode": 1,
                    "showName": "自提",
                    "picUrl": "http://static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/shoutixiang.png",
                    "iconType": 0,
                    "iconServiceType": 5
                }
            ],
            "promiseYX": {
                "iconSrc": "7天無理由退貨",
                "iconTip": "支持7天無理由退貨",
                "helpLink": "http://help.jd.com/user/issue/126-3780.html",
                "iconCode": "service_qitiantuihuo",
                "resultCode": 1,
                "showName": "7天無理由退貨",
                "picUrl": "",
                "iconType": 0,
                "iconServiceType": 3
            },
            "self_D": {
                "venderId": 1000085871,
                "colType": 0,
                "shopId": 1000085871,
                "shopName": "zippo京東自營旗艦店",
                "vender": "zippo京東自營旗艦店",
                "hotLine": "",
                "shopWebsite": "http://zippo.jd.com",
                "po": true,
                "url": "http://zippo.jd.com"
            },
            "serviceInfo": "由京東發(fā)貨,zippo京東自營旗艦店提供售后服務(wù)",
            "sid": 182,
            "preStore": -1,
            "unifiedServiceTag": {
                "enable": true,
                "freightIconCodes": [
                    "free_delivery",
                    "free_delivery_zhong",
                    "free_delivery_fresh",
                    "free_delivery_fresh_zhong",
                    "Free_nbaoyou",
                    "Free_nsxbaoyou",
                    "free_baoyou",
                    "free_sxbaoyou"
                ],
                "iconServiceTypes": [
                    "1",
                    "5",
                    "6"
                ],
                "tsfw": [
                    {
                        "code": "s26",
                        "desc": "在下單或簽收7天內(nèi)，商品出現(xiàn)降價(jià)可享受價(jià)保服務(wù)（商品在消費(fèi)者下單后因參與百億補(bǔ)貼、政府補(bǔ)貼等活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致降價(jià)不支持價(jià)保），可點(diǎn)擊“>”了解詳細(xì)規(guī)則",
                        "helpUrl": "https://ihelp.jd.com/l/help/scene/getSceneDetail?id=337318",
                        "logoUrl": "http://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/166785/27/4308/10074/60113548Ea9bb7dbb/be0bac01dccf5f52.png",
                        "name": "7天價(jià)保",
                        "shortDesc": "7天內(nèi)買貴退差價(jià)",
                        "iHelpLink": "https://ihelp.jd.com/l/help/scene/getSceneDetail?id=325798",
                        "ihelpLink": "https://ihelp.jd.com/l/help/scene/getSceneDetail?id=325798",
                        "mimgUrl": "http://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/222474/40/8926/4033/61de8162E9b3a5a0c/b11a4cc5342015b0.png",
                        "mimgUrl2": "http://m.360buyimg.com/lme/jfs/t1/222228/21/20461/3101/63048db5Ef37ece2e/83f0be5658b2f25b.png"
                    },
                    {
                        "code": "s141",
                        "desc": "由京東指定供應(yīng)商提供售后服務(wù)",
                        "name": "供應(yīng)商售后",
                        "shortDesc": "京東指定供應(yīng)商售后"

python

運(yùn)行

def parse_product_data(raw_data):
    try:
        return {
            "product_name": raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("wareName", ""),
            "current_price": float(raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("jdPrice", 0)),
            "original_price": float(raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("marketPrice", 0)),
            "stock": int(raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("stockNum", 0)),
            "brand": raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("brandName", "")
        }
    except KeyError as e:
        print(f"字段缺失: {e}")
        return {}


# 示例調(diào)用
raw_response = {...}  # API返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)
parsed_data = parse_product_data(raw_response)

最驚險(xiǎn)的一次，幫客戶開發(fā)商品比價(jià)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，突然遇到京東接口升級(jí)，原本正常的 “商品副標(biāo)題” 字段被替換成了 “shortTitle”。由于沒有做字段兼容性處理，導(dǎo)致前端頁面大量數(shù)據(jù)缺失。吃一塹長(zhǎng)一智，后來每次調(diào)用 API 都會(huì)寫版本兼容函數(shù)，動(dòng)態(tài)適配字段變化：

python

運(yùn)行

def adapt_data_fields(data):
    if "wareName" in data.get("wareInfo", {}):
        data["wareInfo"]["product_title"] = data["wareInfo"].pop("wareName")
    if "jdPrice" in data.get("wareInfo", {}):
        data["wareInfo"]["current_price"] = data["wareInfo"].pop("jdPrice")
    return data


# 示例調(diào)用
adapted_data = adapt_data_fields(raw_response)

這些年踩過的坑、寫過的代碼，都成了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。如果有遇到其他問題都可以一起交流！

?審核編輯黃宇

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