江鈴全順輕型客車液壓懸置系統(tǒng)隔振特性研究
The study on the vibration isolation characteristic of JX493ZQ Hydraulic Mount System

有效地隔離發(fā)動機(jī)的振動向車架的傳遞是汽車設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)重要問題，其對整車
舒適性和噪聲水平有決定性的影響。液壓懸置作為懸置元件，在汽車上應(yīng)用越來越
多。本文結(jié)合江鈴汽車集團(tuán)公司課題<全順輕型客車發(fā)動機(jī)液壓懸置系統(tǒng)>開展研
究，本文的主要研究工作和結(jié)果為：
1.在閱讀大量國內(nèi)外參考文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，對發(fā)動機(jī)動力總成液壓懸置元件的發(fā)
展進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)，并根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了科學(xué)分類，較為詳盡地闡述了各種液壓
懸置的工作原理，性能特點(diǎn),并指出了其不足之處，以及今后的發(fā)展方向。對液壓懸
置系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史也作了簡要的回顧，并指出了它的發(fā)展趨勢。
2.結(jié)合液壓懸置樣件就其結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理進(jìn)行較詳細(xì)的分析，然后給出其動特
性的定義。
3.建立了液壓懸置的等效力學(xué)模型和橡膠懸置的力學(xué)模型，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了
動力總成6 自由度的力學(xué)模型。分析了發(fā)動機(jī)激勵(lì)的特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用Newmark 法進(jìn)行了
動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)振動響應(yīng)和瞬態(tài)工況，如汽車制動、轉(zhuǎn)彎、路過不平路
面和發(fā)動機(jī)起動等工況下動力總成的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)計(jì)算，繪制了在此工況下動力總成質(zhì)
心的振動響應(yīng)曲線以及前左液壓懸置、后橡膠懸置的動反力曲線，以及穩(wěn)態(tài)工況下
各懸置點(diǎn)上下加速度與頻率的關(guān)系曲線， 最后還計(jì)算出動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)的振
動傳遞率曲線。
4.通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對動力總成的基本參數(shù)進(jìn)行了測試，分別對動力總成重心的確定和
質(zhì)量慣性矩的計(jì)算進(jìn)行了簡要的介紹，最后給出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。
5.針對江鈴JX493ZQ 動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)開展了動力總成剛體六階模態(tài)測試
和動力總成懸置系統(tǒng)隔振特性測試，研究了江鈴全順原車液壓懸置系統(tǒng)的隔振特性
并進(jìn)行了分析，為以后產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)提供了有價(jià)值的參考依據(jù)。

第一章 緒論··················································································································1
1.1 動力總成懸置的理想動特性········································································1
1.2 動力總成懸置元件的發(fā)展歷史····································································2
1.3 動力總成懸置系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史····································································7
1.4 本文的研究內(nèi)容和意義··············································································10
第二章 液壓懸置的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理··················································12
2.1 引言·············································································································12
2.2 液壓懸置的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理分析·····························································13
2.2.1 結(jié)構(gòu)分析······························································································14
2.2.2 工作原理································································································16
2.3 液壓懸置動特性的定義·············································································16
2.4 本章小結(jié)······································································································17
第三章 動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)的建模及響應(yīng)分析·························18
3.1 液壓懸置等效模型的建立·········································································18
3.2 橡膠懸置模型的建立·················································································21
3.3 動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)的建模 ·····························································22
3.4 發(fā)動機(jī)激勵(lì)分析·························································································28
3.5 動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)振動響應(yīng)分析··············································29
3.6 動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)瞬態(tài)振動響應(yīng)分析··············································32
3.6.1 發(fā)動機(jī)起動時(shí)動力總成瞬態(tài)振動響應(yīng)分析·········································32
3.6.2 汽車制動時(shí)動力總成瞬態(tài)振動響應(yīng)分析·············································34
3.6.3 汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)動力總成瞬態(tài)振動響應(yīng)分析·············································35
3.6.4 汽車通過不平路面時(shí)動力總成瞬態(tài)振動響應(yīng)分析·····························36
3.7 動力總成液壓懸置系統(tǒng)的振動傳遞率計(jì)算··············································37
3.8 本章小結(jié)·····································································································39
第四章 動力總成基本參數(shù)測試··························································40
4.1 引言·············································································································40
4.2 重心位置的確定··························································································40
4.3 質(zhì)量慣性矩的計(jì)算······················································································43
4.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果······································································································51
第五章 動力總成-液壓懸置系統(tǒng)隔振特性試驗(yàn)研究························52
5.1 概述············································································································52
5.2 動力總成剛體六階模態(tài)測試·····································································53
5.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器連接框圖·················································································53
5.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法及步驟·····················································································54
5.2.3 分析與討論·····························································································56
5.3 動力總成懸置系統(tǒng)隔振特性測試·····························································57