智能電網(wǎng)中電能的有效測量

　　智能電網(wǎng)所需的設(shè)備，如公用事業(yè)儀表和可再生能源和電器監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，需要準(zhǔn)確地感知能源的消耗量。已經(jīng)開發(fā)了許多技術(shù)，可以有效地測量電功率，每種技術(shù)都有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。本文著眼于Rogowski線圈、電流互感器、霍爾效應(yīng)傳感器和電阻分流器作為能量測量選項(xiàng)。

　　電子設(shè)備消耗的能量已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)主要的問題，它正在推動(dòng)大型的政府項(xiàng)目，如英國的智能電表展，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃將在不到兩年的時(shí)間內(nèi)開始。每臺(tái)智能電表都需要精確的電流繪制方法。這一需求正在擴(kuò)展到越來越多的與智能電網(wǎng)相連的系統(tǒng)，如可再生能源和家電設(shè)備和數(shù)據(jù)中心計(jì)算機(jī)，以便用戶能夠跟蹤他們的能源使用情況。

　　在數(shù)據(jù)中心，業(yè)務(wù)用戶希望能夠使用各個(gè)機(jī)器或機(jī)架的實(shí)時(shí)電力使用信息來指導(dǎo)工作應(yīng)該如何分布在它們之間。在家中，用戶可以監(jiān)視重要的能源消費(fèi)者，并在高關(guān)稅期間自動(dòng)禁用或停止使用。電力傳感器設(shè)計(jì)者面臨的問題是哪種技術(shù)最適合應(yīng)用？。

　　There are four basic types of sensor technology that help determine electrical energy： current transformers， Rogowski coils， resistive shunts， and Hall-Effect sensors. Which one needs to be used depends on the deployment， whether the site takes electricity from a single phase， split phases， or from all three phases employed by the distribution system.

　　Homes in the US usually have a split-phase power feed that delivers either 120 VAC or 240 VAC. This architecture generally calls for a current transformer as the energy sensor. Commercial and larger residential sites in Europe use a three-phase supply. Individual homes are usually single-phase， which can allow meter implementation using a simple shunt-resistor sensor. The three-phase systems will either employ a current transformer or Rogowski coil， the latter traditionally being more suitable for larger installations.