基于RK3588設(shè)計(jì)的ELF 2開發(fā)板在搭載Desktop 22.04系統(tǒng)時(shí)，對(duì)TF卡的文件系統(tǒng)支持存在以下限制：

不支持exFAT格式；

支持NTFS格式，但需手動(dòng)掛載；

針對(duì)上述兼容性問題，本文將介紹如何通過系統(tǒng)配置實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)該兩種文件系統(tǒng)的支持，并配置自動(dòng)掛載功能。

Windows系統(tǒng)格式化存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備

在使用TF卡前，需通過Windows自帶工具將其格式化為目標(biāo)文件系統(tǒng)（exFAT或NTFS），操作步驟如下：

1、將U盤插入電腦的USB接口，確保系統(tǒng)識(shí)別到設(shè)備；

2、打開“此電腦”；

3、在U盤圖標(biāo)上右鍵單擊，選擇“格式化”；

4、在彈出的格式化窗口中選擇所需的文件系統(tǒng)格式（exFAT或NTFS）；

5、點(diǎn)擊 “開始”，完成存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備的格式化操作；

內(nèi)核添加文件系統(tǒng)支持

通過內(nèi)核配置添加exFAT和NTFS格式支持，需完成以下步驟：

打開圖形配置界面

1、進(jìn)入源碼目錄并啟動(dòng)配置工具

在Ubuntu終端中執(zhí)行以下命令：

elf@ubuntu:~/work/ELF2-linux-source$ ./build.sh kconfig

2、配置文件系統(tǒng)支持項(xiàng)

在彈出的內(nèi)核配置界面中，導(dǎo)航至DOS/FAT/EXFAT/NT Filesystems菜單，勾選以下選項(xiàng)：

保存配置并退出。

編譯文件系統(tǒng)鏡像

1、執(zhí)行編譯命令

配置保存后，在終端中運(yùn)行：

elf@ubuntu:~/work/ELF2-linux-source$ ./build.sh kernel

2、獲取輸出文件

編譯完成后，生成的文件系統(tǒng)鏡像會(huì)存儲(chǔ)在output/firmware目錄下，其中boot.img即為需要燒錄到開發(fā)板的鏡像。

更新系統(tǒng)到開發(fā)板

參考《ELF 2開發(fā)板編譯手冊(cè)》中“5.3更新內(nèi)核”章節(jié)的詳細(xì)步驟，將生成的boot.img鏡像燒錄至ELF 2開發(fā)板，完成系統(tǒng)更新。

測(cè)試驗(yàn)證

手動(dòng)掛載exFAT

1、查看文件系統(tǒng)掛載點(diǎn)

執(zhí)行df -h命令，無TF卡掛載信息：

root@elf2-desktop:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 14G 4.6G 8.6G 35% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.2G 2.5M 3.2G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /tmp /dev/mmcblk0p7 123M 12M 108M 10% /oem /dev/mmcblk0p8 96G 284M 92G 1% /userdata tmpfs 1.6G 84K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 1.6G 56K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0

2、確認(rèn)設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)

執(zhí)行fdisk -l命令查看TF卡分區(qū)信息，確認(rèn)TF卡設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)為/dev/mmcblk1：

root@elf2-desktop:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 115.23 GiB, 123731968000 bytes, 241664000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 83480000-0000-4658-8000-52E4000055BA Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 16384 24575 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p2 24576 32767 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p3 32768 163839 131072 64M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p4 163840 425983 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p5 425984 491519 65536 32M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p6 491520 29851647 29360128 14G unknown /dev/mmcblk0p7 29851648 30113791 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p8 30113792 241663966 211550175 100.9G unknown Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 59.48 GiB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk1p1 4294967295 8589934589 4294967295 2T ff BBT /dev/mmcblk1p2 4294967295 8589934589 4294967295 2T ff BBT /dev/mmcblk1p3 4294967295 8589934589 4294967295 2T ff BBT /dev/mmcblk1p4 4294967295 6854241533 2559274239 1.2T ff BBT

3、手動(dòng)掛載

創(chuàng)建exfat_fs目錄作為exFAT格式TF卡的掛載點(diǎn)，-t exfat指定文件系統(tǒng)類型為exFAT，將dev/mmcblk1掛載到exfat_fs/。

root@elf2-desktop:~# mkdir exfat_fs root@elf2-desktop:~# mount -t exfat /dev/mmcblk1 exfat_fs/

4、查看文件系統(tǒng)掛載點(diǎn)

再次查看掛載狀態(tài)，確認(rèn)dev/mmcblk1已掛載到exfat_fs/（驗(yàn)證掛載成功）。

root@elf2-desktop:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 14G 4.6G 8.6G 35% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.2G 2.5M 3.2G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /tmp /dev/mmcblk0p7 123M 12M 108M 10% /oem /dev/mmcblk0p8 96G 284M 92G 1% /userdata tmpfs 1.6G 84K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 1.6G 56K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0 /dev/mmcblk1 60G 896K 60G 1% /root/exfat_fs

5、讀寫驗(yàn)證

root@elf2-desktop:~# echo 1 > exfat_fs/test.txt root@elf2-desktop:~# sync root@elf2-desktop:~# cat exfat_fs/test.txt 1

6、卸載TF卡

TF卡使用完成后，在彈出TF卡前，需要使用umount命令卸載TF卡：

root@elf2-desktop:~# umount exfat_fs

手動(dòng)掛載NTFS

1、查看文件系統(tǒng)掛載點(diǎn)

執(zhí)行df -h命令，無TF卡掛載信息：

root@elf2-desktop:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 14G 4.6G 8.5G 36% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.2G 2.5M 3.2G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /tmp /dev/mmcblk0p7 123M 12M 108M 10% /oem /dev/mmcblk0p8 96G 284M 92G 1% /userdata tmpfs 1.6G 88K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 1.6G 56K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0

2、確認(rèn)設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)

執(zhí)行fdisk -l命令查看TF卡分區(qū)信息，確認(rèn)TF卡設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)為/dev/mmcblk1：

root@elf2-desktop:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 115.23 GiB, 123731968000 bytes, 241664000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 50530000-0000-4F1D-8000-4315000064BF Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 16384 24575 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p2 24576 32767 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p3 32768 163839 131072 64M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p4 163840 425983 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p5 425984 491519 65536 32M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p6 491520 29851647 29360128 14G unknown /dev/mmcblk0p7 29851648 30113791 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p8 30113792 241663966 211550175 100.9G unknown Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 59.48 GiB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x73736572 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk1p1 1920221984 3736432267 1816210284 866G 72 unknown /dev/mmcblk1p2 1936028192 3889681299 1953653108 931.6G 6c unknown /dev/mmcblk1p3 0 0 0 0B 0 Empty /dev/mmcblk1p4 27722122 27722568 447 223.5K 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order.

3、手動(dòng)掛載

創(chuàng)建ntfs_fs目錄作為NTFS格式TF卡的掛載點(diǎn)，-t ntfs-3g指定使用ntfs-3g驅(qū)動(dòng)掛載NTFS格式（Linux 下NTFS讀寫的常用驅(qū)動(dòng)），將dev/mmcblk1掛載到ntfs_fs/。

root@elf2-desktop:~# mkdir ntfs_fs root@elf2-desktop:~# mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/mmcblk1 ntfs_fs/

4、查看文件系統(tǒng)掛載點(diǎn)

root@elf2-desktop:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 14G 4.6G 8.5G 36% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.2G 2.5M 3.2G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /tmp /dev/mmcblk0p7 123M 12M 108M 10% /oem /dev/mmcblk0p8 96G 284M 92G 1% /userdata tmpfs 1.6G 88K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 1.6G 56K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0 /dev/mmcblk1 60G 88M 60G 1% /root/ntfs_fs

5、讀寫驗(yàn)證

root@elf2-desktop:~# echo 1 > ntfs_fs/test.txt root@elf2-desktop:~# sync root@elf2-desktop:~# cat ntfs_fs/test.txt 1

6、卸載TF卡

TF卡使用完成后，在彈出TF卡前，需要使用umount命令卸載TF卡：

root@elf2-desktop:~# umount ntfs_fs

自動(dòng)掛載exFAT

1、確認(rèn)設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)

執(zhí)行fdisk -l命令查看TF卡分區(qū)信息，確認(rèn)TF卡設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)為/dev/mmcblk1：

root@elf2-desktop:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 115.23 GiB, 123731968000 bytes, 241664000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: D06F0000-0000-4C4B-8000-216D000071A3 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 16384 24575 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p2 24576 32767 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p3 32768 163839 131072 64M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p4 163840 425983 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p5 425984 491519 65536 32M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p6 491520 29851647 29360128 14G unknown /dev/mmcblk0p7 29851648 30113791 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p8 30113792 241663966 211550175 100.9G unknown Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 59.48 GiB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk1p1 4294967295 8589934589 4294967295 2T ff BBT /dev/mmcblk1p2 4294967295 8589934589 4294967295 2T ff BBT /dev/mmcblk1p3 4294967295 8589934589 4294967295 2T ff BBT /dev/mmcblk1p4 4294967295 6854241533 2559274239 1.2T ff BBT

2、查看TF卡UUID或設(shè)備名

root@elf2-desktop:~# blkid /dev/mmcblk0p7: LABEL="oem" UUID="5fce90f2-82c7-401e-8ccd-b265d1d1a04e" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="oem" PARTUUID="a9390000-0000-4339-8000-737c00004c7d" /dev/mmcblk0p5: PARTLABEL="backup" PARTUUID="0b7f0000-0000-484e-8000-37da00004385" /dev/mmcblk0p3: PARTLABEL="boot" PARTUUID="7a3f0000-0000-446a-8000-702f00006273" /dev/mmcblk0p1: PARTLABEL="uboot" PARTUUID="fa0f0000-0000-4829-8000-6e9700004422" /dev/mmcblk0p8: LABEL="userdata" UUID="0ab8136a-151e-4ecb-8c4e-bcba85a0ef17" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="userdata" PARTUUID="59490000-0000-4b30-8000-47ea00003767" /dev/mmcblk0p6: UUID="4d1b5f8b-020c-499a-bac9-269c5104f9e7" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="rootfs" PARTUUID="614e0000-0000-4b53-8000-1d28000054a9" /dev/mmcblk0p4: PARTLABEL="recovery" PARTUUID="8e500000-0000-4554-8000-7a1500002ce6" /dev/mmcblk0p2: PARTLABEL="misc" PARTUUID="4d2e0000-0000-4d59-8000-14bb00003cfd" /dev/mmcblk1: LABEL="M-fM-^VM-0M-eM-^JM- M-eM-^MM-7" UUID="24BD-6CCA" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="exfat"

3、創(chuàng)建掛載點(diǎn)目錄

root@elf2-desktop:~# mkdir -p /mnt/sdcard

4、編輯/etc/fstab文件

root@elf2-desktop:~# vi /etc/fstab

文件內(nèi)容如下：

# /dev/root / ext4 rw,noauto 0 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts defaults,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs mode=0777 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 debug /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0 pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p7 /oem ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p8 /userdata ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk1 /mnt/sdcard exfat defaults,nofail 0 0

含義：

5、保存重啟

root@elf2-desktop:~# sync root@elf2-desktop:~# reboot

6、查看文件系統(tǒng)掛載點(diǎn)

重啟后TF卡自動(dòng)掛載到/mnt/sdcard（自動(dòng)掛載成功）：

root@elf2-desktop:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 14G 4.6G 8.5G 36% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.2G 2.5M 3.2G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /tmp /dev/mmcblk0p7 123M 12M 108M 10% /oem /dev/mmcblk0p8 96G 284M 92G 1% /userdata /dev/mmcblk1 60G 768K 60G 1% /mnt/sdcard tmpfs 1.6G 84K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 1.6G 56K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0

7、讀寫驗(yàn)證

root@elf2-desktop:~# echo 1 > /mnt/sdcard/test.txt root@elf2-desktop:~# sync root@elf2-desktop:~# cat /mnt/sdcard/test.txt 1

自動(dòng)掛載NTFS

1、確認(rèn)設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)

執(zhí)行fdisk -l命令查看TF卡分區(qū)信息，確認(rèn)TF卡設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)為/dev/mmcblk1：

root@elf2-desktop:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 115.23 GiB, 123731968000 bytes, 241664000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 50530000-0000-4F1D-8000-4315000064BF Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 16384 24575 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p2 24576 32767 8192 4M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p3 32768 163839 131072 64M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p4 163840 425983 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p5 425984 491519 65536 32M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p6 491520 29851647 29360128 14G unknown /dev/mmcblk0p7 29851648 30113791 262144 128M unknown /dev/mmcblk0p8 30113792 241663966 211550175 100.9G unknown Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 59.48 GiB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x73736572 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/mmcblk1p1 1920221984 3736432267 1816210284 866G 72 unknown /dev/mmcblk1p2 1936028192 3889681299 1953653108 931.6G 6c unknown /dev/mmcblk1p3 0 0 0 0B 0 Empty /dev/mmcblk1p4 27722122 27722568 447 223.5K 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order.

2、查看TF卡UUID或設(shè)備名

root@elf2-desktop:~# blkid /dev/mmcblk0p7: LABEL="oem" UUID="5fce90f2-82c7-401e-8ccd-b265d1d1a04e" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="oem" PARTUUID="a9390000-0000-4339-8000-737c00004c7d" /dev/mmcblk0p5: PARTLABEL="backup" PARTUUID="0b7f0000-0000-484e-8000-37da00004385" /dev/mmcblk0p3: PARTLABEL="boot" PARTUUID="7a3f0000-0000-446a-8000-702f00006273" /dev/mmcblk0p1: PARTLABEL="uboot" PARTUUID="fa0f0000-0000-4829-8000-6e9700004422" /dev/mmcblk0p8: LABEL="userdata" UUID="0ab8136a-151e-4ecb-8c4e-bcba85a0ef17" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="userdata" PARTUUID="59490000-0000-4b30-8000-47ea00003767" /dev/mmcblk0p6: UUID="4d1b5f8b-020c-499a-bac9-269c5104f9e7" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="rootfs" PARTUUID="614e0000-0000-4b53-8000-1d28000054a9" /dev/mmcblk0p4: PARTLABEL="recovery" PARTUUID="8e500000-0000-4554-8000-7a1500002ce6" /dev/mmcblk0p2: PARTLABEL="misc" PARTUUID="4d2e0000-0000-4d59-8000-14bb00003cfd" /dev/mmcblk1: LABEL="M-fM-^VM-0M-eM-^JM- M-eM-^MM-7" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="14B26844B2682C84" TYPE="ntfs"

3、創(chuàng)建掛載點(diǎn)目錄

root@elf2-desktop:~# mkdir -p /mnt/sdcard

4、編輯/etc/fstab文件

root@elf2-desktop:~# vi /etc/fstab

文件內(nèi)容如下：

# /dev/root / ext4 rw,noauto 0 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts defaults,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs mode=0777 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 debug /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0 pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p7 /oem ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p8 /userdata ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk1 /mnt/sdcard ntfs-3g defaults,nofail 0 0

含義：

5、保存重啟

root@elf2-desktop:~# sync root@elf2-desktop:~# reboot

6、查看文件系統(tǒng)掛載點(diǎn)

重啟后TF卡自動(dòng)掛載到/mnt/sdcard（自動(dòng)掛載成功）：

root@elf2-desktop:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 14G 4.6G 8.6G 35% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.2G 2.5M 3.2G 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /tmp /dev/mmcblk0p7 123M 12M 108M 10% /oem /dev/mmcblk0p8 96G 284M 92G 1% /userdata /dev/mmcblk1 60G 88M 60G 1% /mnt/sdcard tmpfs 1.6G 88K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 1.6G 56K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0

7、讀寫驗(yàn)證

root@elf2-desktop:~# echo 1 > /mnt/sdcard/test.txt root@elf2-desktop:~# sync root@elf2-desktop:~# cat /mnt/sdcard/test.txt 1