By Tekla Perry28 Jul 2015 22:55 GMTDrone Control: Here’s How Amazon Thinks Drones Should Fit Into U.S. Airspace

Photo: Tekla Perry

Create a drone zone—a dedicated piece of airspace for drones—and separate them within that space by speed and capabilities. That’s how Amazon thinks drones can best be integrated into our busy airspace, says Gur Kimchi, vice president and cofounder of Amazon Prime Air. Kimchi laid out this proposal today at UTM 2015, a three-day convention focused on Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management, being held at the NASA Ames Research Center this week.

Specifically, Amazon’s vision starts by blocking out airports and other areas that demand complete exclusion of drones, either permanently or temporarily. Everywhere else, Amazon is considering the airspace below 400 feet drone territory. Amazon sees 400 to 500 feet as a buffer zone, no drones or manned aircraft. The company would then like to see the FAA designate the airspace from 200 to 400 feet as a fast lane, reserved for the higher speed, longer distance drone travel, with below 200 feet for slower, more local traffic.

Amazon also thinks it makes sense to divide aircraft up according to their capabilities into four classes. At the bottom is the most basic hobbyist drone with no automatic capabilities, though the operator can receive via smart phone and act on general alerts about traffic and other hazards in the area. Operators of these drones will likely have to follow line of sight rules. Next come drones with “good” command and control capabilities—they communicate with a ground station and can act on information received from that ground station to self-separate from nearby objects. Even “better” are drones that communicate directly with the Internet and other vehicles in the sky and can automatically take evasive action. And the “best” drones can also dodge non-communicating flying objects.

“We’d like to equip every seagull in the San Francisco Bay Area (with vehicle to vehicle communications), but that isn’t going to work,” Kimchi said.

In Amazon’s vision of airspace (photo), the less well-equipped drones stay out of high risk and high speed situations; the greater the complexity of the environment, the better equipped a drone needs to be to fly there.

Making it all work, Kimchi says, will require more automation of general air traffic control, standards that make sure all drones can communicate with each other and the Internet, classes of equipment that clearly define what drones can fly where, and drones designed to be safe and secure. As all this is developed, he urged for the adoption of performance-based standards, not technology-based standards, in order to allow the technology to continue to develop unimpeded.

Will this proposal get off the ground? It just might, based on the reaction of a panel of experts including representatives from the National Transportation Safety Board, the insurance industry, and law enforcement, along with two lawyers specializing in aviation law. When asked an hour or so after Kimchi’s presentation if any members of the panel had a strong objection to the plan—none did.

翻譯僅供參考

無(wú)人機(jī)管理：亞馬遜認(rèn)為無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)進(jìn)入美國(guó)空域 drone控制：這里是亞馬遜認(rèn)為無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)該融入美國(guó)airspace

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)無(wú)人區(qū)&mdash；專(zhuān)用件為無(wú)人機(jī)&mdash空域；并將其內(nèi)的速度和能力，空間。這就是亞馬遜無(wú)人機(jī)；認(rèn)為最能融入我們繁忙的空域，說(shuō)古爾泡菜，副總裁和亞馬遜的Prime Air的創(chuàng)始人。泡菜放這個(gè)建議今天在UTM 2015，為期三天的會(huì)議集中在無(wú)人機(jī)系統(tǒng)的交通管理，被關(guān)押在美國(guó)宇航局艾姆斯研究中心本周。

具體而言，亞馬遜&rsquo；的視野開(kāi)始由封閉機(jī)場(chǎng)和其他地區(qū)的需求無(wú)人機(jī)完全排除，臨時(shí)的或永久性的。在其他地方，亞馬遜正在考慮在400英尺以下的無(wú)人機(jī)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的領(lǐng)空。亞馬遜認(rèn)為400到500英尺的緩沖區(qū)，無(wú)人機(jī)或載人飛機(jī)。公司就喜歡看FAA指定空域從200到400英尺的快車(chē)道，保留在更高的速度、長(zhǎng)距離的飛機(jī)旅行，在200英尺以下的慢，更多的本地交通。

亞馬遜也認(rèn)為它是有意義的將飛機(jī)上根據(jù)自己的能力分為四類(lèi)。底部是沒(méi)有自動(dòng)能力最基本的愛(ài)好者使用的無(wú)人機(jī)，雖然可以接收通過(guò)智能手機(jī)和行動(dòng)對(duì)該地區(qū)交通和其他危害一般警報(bào)。這些無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī)的運(yùn)營(yíng)商很可能必須遵循一系列的規(guī)則。接下來(lái)是與“無(wú)人機(jī)；好&rdquo；指揮與控制能力&mdash；他們與一個(gè)地面站，可從地面站自獨(dú)立于附近的物體接收到的信息。是無(wú)人機(jī)直接溝通與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和其他車(chē)輛在空中，可以自動(dòng)采取行動(dòng)。無(wú)人機(jī)可以躲避不連通的飛行物體。

我們想讓每一個(gè)海鷗；在三藩灣地區(qū)（與車(chē)輛間的通訊），但這并不是；不去工作。

亞馬遜&rsquo；空域的視覺(jué)（圖片），不齊全的無(wú)人機(jī)遠(yuǎn)離高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高速度的情況；環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性更大，更好的裝備無(wú)人機(jī)需要飛往那里。

使所有的工作將需要更多的自動(dòng)化通用航空交通控制、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確保所有無(wú)人機(jī)可以相互通信和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，類(lèi)設(shè)備，明確什么DRones可以飛到哪里，和無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)是安全的。由于所有這一切，他呼吁采用基于性能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而不是以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以使該技術(shù)繼續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)暢通。這可能是基于一個(gè)專(zhuān)家小組的反應(yīng)，包括來(lái)自全國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全委員會(huì)、保險(xiǎn)業(yè)和執(zhí)法部門(mén)的代表，以及與航空法有關(guān)的兩家律師。當(dāng)被問(wèn)到一個(gè)小時(shí)左右的泡菜'后的表現(xiàn)；如果任何小組成員都強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)該計(jì)劃&mdash；沒(méi)有。