在康復(fù)治療、運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練和健康監(jiān)測(cè)領(lǐng)域，對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)追蹤的需求日益增長(zhǎng)，這凸顯了對(duì)兼具高精度、低功耗和舒適佩戴特性的可穿戴傳感器的迫切需求。摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)（TENGs）通過將生物力學(xué)活動(dòng)直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電信號(hào)，為解決這一需求提供了可行方案，但其應(yīng)用受限于變形時(shí)的機(jī)械不穩(wěn)定性及對(duì)有線數(shù)據(jù)采集的依賴。本文，里斯本大學(xué)Helena Alves《 ACS Appl. Electron. Mater》期刊發(fā)表名為“Graphene-Based Triboelectric Multi-Sensors for Self-Powered Multimodal Motion Sensing in Smart Textiles”的論文，研究提出一種基于耐用紡織架構(gòu)的全集成無線摩擦納米發(fā)電傳感系統(tǒng)。

該系統(tǒng)采用六枚聚二甲基硅氧烷基傳感器，通過石墨烯納米片（GNP）導(dǎo)電膠增強(qiáng)性能，并經(jīng)微型藍(lán)牙低功耗（BLE）模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)多通道實(shí)時(shí)傳輸。在測(cè)試配方中，20%（質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)）GNP復(fù)合材料在反復(fù)加載條件下展現(xiàn)出最佳導(dǎo)電性（約15 Ω/□）與穩(wěn)定信號(hào)輸出。集成系統(tǒng)在臺(tái)式測(cè)試中展現(xiàn)出高達(dá)37伏的電壓輸出，并在寬溫度范圍（10–50 °C）內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)定性。通過結(jié)合可擴(kuò)展材料、穩(wěn)健的傳感器設(shè)計(jì)和低功耗無線通信，本研究為自供電、高保真生物力學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)建立了實(shí)用平臺(tái)。該方案為臨床康復(fù)和日常健康應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域開發(fā)新一代可穿戴系統(tǒng)開辟了新路徑。

2圖文導(dǎo)讀

圖1. (a) Morphology of films with different adhesive-to-graphene ratios, showing increased cracking in formulations with higher GNP content. (b) Sheet resistance of films as a function of GNP concentration, presenting a decreasing trend with increasing GNP content. (c) Step-by-step fabrication process of the triboelectric sensor, detailing material preparation and assembly of the positive and negative layers.

圖2. (a) Schematic and real images of the triboelectric device, illustrating the positive (textile) and negative (PDMS) layers, as well as the vertical separation working mode, highlighting charge generation and current flow. (b) Output voltage at 3 Hz under forces ranging from 5 to 40 N, demonstrating an amplitude increase with applied force. (c) Output voltage as a function of active area and connection configuration, showing higher output for larger areas and connections along the longest side (black) compared to the shortest side (red). (d) Output voltage variation with temperature, showing a decrease from 90 to 70 V. (e) Output voltage response to relative humidity (RH), remaining stable up to 45% RH before significantly decreasing at higher levels. (f) Reversible effect of RH on output voltage over multiple humidity levels.

圖3. (a) Diagram of the sensor-integrated shirt, showing triboelectric sensor placement (green, orange, blue), conductive paths, and communication module location. (b) Interior view of the shirt highlighting conductive connections and sensor deposition sites. (c) Exterior view of the sleeve with the negative sensor components marked in orange. (d) Circuit diagram of the communication module, showing the signal conditioning stage (blue) with impedance matching and noise reduction, and the wireless module (green) with Bluetooth Low Energy capabilities.

圖4. Illustration of biomechanical motion and associated signal responses from three sensor channels, elbow (green), armpit (orange), and wrist/hip (blue), for different body movements: (a) elbow elevation with a flexed arm, (b) arm elevation (jumping jack motion), (c) arm flexion away from the torso, and (d) arm flexion against the torso.

3小結(jié)

綜上所述，本研究成功開發(fā)出一種可穿戴式多傳感器摩擦電系統(tǒng)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)多關(guān)節(jié)的實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)追蹤。通過將基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）的摩擦電層與石墨烯增強(qiáng)型導(dǎo)電粘合劑集成，該系統(tǒng)在電性能、柔韌性和耐久性之間實(shí)現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)健平衡。優(yōu)化的Gr20配方在保持柔韌性的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了低面電阻（約15 Ω/□），臺(tái)式測(cè)試證實(shí)其在40 N施加負(fù)載下可輸出高達(dá)37 V的電壓。該系統(tǒng)通過定制信號(hào)調(diào)理電路，實(shí)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)傳感通道的穩(wěn)定無線傳輸。盡管紡織集成配置中觀察到信號(hào)衰減現(xiàn)象（特定布局下衰減達(dá)60%），系統(tǒng)性分析揭示了根本原因，并提出電極幾何優(yōu)化與封裝技術(shù)等實(shí)用緩解策略。值得注意的是，該裝置不僅作為高保真運(yùn)動(dòng)傳感器運(yùn)作，更展現(xiàn)出能量采集能力——在10 N負(fù)載下實(shí)現(xiàn)約7μW功率輸出，為自維持運(yùn)行開辟了路徑。這些突破性進(jìn)展共同彰顯了石墨烯基摩擦電系統(tǒng)在可穿戴醫(yī)療、康復(fù)治療及人機(jī)交互領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用潛力。其可擴(kuò)展設(shè)計(jì)為未來智能紡織品提供了多功能平臺(tái)，為實(shí)現(xiàn)自主、節(jié)能的生物力學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)開辟了新路徑。

文獻(xiàn)：

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c01519

來源：材料分析與應(yīng)用